Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 6 Articles
Anaemia is a problem of serious public health significance given its impact on psychological, behavioural and physical development. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia in women. The study aimed to conduct dietary assessment of the college going women and appraise knowledge and practices pertaining to anaemia. Impact of nutrition education on knowledge and practices was also assessed. This study was conducted on college going young women (n = 60) aged 18-20 years of Banasthali Vidyapith. It was a pre and post intervention trial with experimental and control groups. Background information of the subjects was collected using self- designed questionnaire. Dietary assessment was done using 24 hour dietary recall method. Knowledge and practices were studied using questionnaires. Nutrition education was imparted for 6 months to experimental group (n=30) using pre tested tools and techniques. Results showed that energy and nutrients intakes were not satisfactory in the subjects. Dietary iron intake was particularly low. Subjects who had sound knowledge and practice scores had reasonable energy and nutrients intakes. Knowledge and practice scores were higher in the experimental group (p<0.05) compared to the control group after 6 months intervention. Thus it can be concluded that nutrition education improved anaemia related knowledge and practices in young women.\r\nKey words: Anaemia, Knowledge, Nutrition education, Practices....
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science having various applications in different sectors. In view of these varied applications, the food & feed industry is amongst the main sectors eagerly seeking ways to get the potential benefits offered by this technology. The nanotechnology applications in the livestock feeding systems are mainly intended to increase the animal performance by enhancing their immunity, antioxidant activities and growth performance. The major limiting factor associated with conventional mineral supplements is its bioavailability. However, it is not associated with nano minerals since they are having very small sizes (ranging 1 to 100 nm) and larger surface area for higher reactivity increases the bioavailability. Surprisingly the recent evidences on nano mineral supplementation are also reported with promising results. Supplementation of selenium, chromium and zinc in nano particle form shown improved performance in poultry, pigs and ruminants. Although application of nano minerals in animal nutrition is immense, they are claimed to be having some health risks. The supplementation of nano silver in broiler diets reduced the bird�s performance in addition to inducing oxidative stress. Hence the safety aspects of nano minerals are needed to be addressed before being applied in animal feeding. Despite its importance is imminent, the nanotechnology applications in livestock feeding systems are still in its infancy and there is a need for further research in this area....
Background: Exercise training is known to increase fat utilization during exercise. Diets containing antioxidants and\r\nbranch chain amino acids (BCAAs) are also reported to have potential effects on fat utilization. Cashew apple juice\r\n(CAJ) comprises many nutritional components including vitamin C and BCAAs. This study aimed to investigate the\r\neffect of CAJ supplementation on substrate utilization during high-intensity exercise in trained and untrained\r\nsubjects.\r\nMethods: Ten trained and ten untrained men were randomly supplemented with either placebo (PLA) or CAJ at\r\n3.5 ml/kg body mass (BM) /day for 4 weeks with a 4-week washout between treatments in a randomized cross-over\r\ndesign. Before and after the 4-week supplementations all subjects performed cycling exercise at 85% of maximal\r\noxygen consumption for 20 minutes. At rest, before, and immediately after the exercise, venous blood samples\r\nwere taken to determine glucose, insulin and lipid concentrations. Expired air was collected during the 20 minutes\r\nof exercise to calculate substrate utilization.\r\nResults: During the exercise in both trained and untrained groups, there were lower carbohydrate (CHO) and\r\nhigher fat oxidation rates and contributions to total energy expenditure after the CAJ supplementation compared\r\nto the PLA supplementation (p<0.05). These values were greater in the trained group than the untrained group\r\nexcept CHO oxidation rates (p<0.05), which were not significantly different. Moreover, in both trained and untrained\r\ngroups, resting plasma vitamin C concentrations were significantly higher after the CAJ supplementation compared\r\nto the PLA supplementation, without any change after the PLA supplementation. These values were greater in the\r\ntrained group than the untrained group (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in glucose, insulin or lipid\r\nconcentrations between the groups� blood samples.\r\nConclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CAJ supplementation enhanced fat oxidation during exercise\r\nmay enhance endurance performance, but specific studies are needed to assess this possibility....
Background: Olympic class sailing poses physiological challenges similar to other endurance sports such as cycling\r\nor running, with sport specific challenges of limited access to nutrition and hydration during competition.\r\nAs changes in hydration status can impair sports performance, examining fluid consumption patterns and fluid/\r\nelectrolyte requirements of Olympic class sailors is necessary to develop specific recommendations for these elite\r\nathletes. The purpose of this study was to examine if Olympic class sailors could maintain hydration status with selfregulated\r\nfluid consumption in cold conditions and the effect of fixed fluid intake on hydration status in warm\r\nconditions.\r\nMethods: In our cold condition study (CCS), 11 elite Olympic class sailors were provided ad libitum access to three\r\ndifferent drinks. Crystal Light (control, C); Gatorade (experimental control, G); and customized sailing-specific Infinit\r\n(experimental, IN) (1.0:0.22 CHO:PRO), were provided on three separate training days in cold 7.1Ã?°C [4.2 ââ?¬â?? 11.3]. Our\r\nwarm condition study (WCS) examined the effect of fixed fluid intake (11.5 mL.kg.-1.h-1) of C, G and heat-specific\r\nexperimental Infinit (INW)(1.0:0.074 CHO:PRO) on the hydration status of eight elite Olympic Laser class sailors in\r\n19.5Ã?°C [17.0 - 23.3]. Both studies used a completely random design.\r\nResults: In CCS, participants consumed 802 Ã?± 91, 924 Ã?± 137 and 707 Ã?± 152 mL of fluid in each group respectively.\r\nThis did not change urine specific gravity, but did lead to a main effect for time for body mass (p < 0.001), blood\r\nsodium, potassium and chloride with all groups lower post-training (p < 0.05). In WCS, fixed fluid intake increased\r\nparticipantââ?¬â?¢s body mass post-training in all groups (p < 0.01) and decreased urine specific gravity post-training\r\n(p < 0.01). There was a main effect for time for blood sodium, potassium and chloride concentration, with lower\r\nvalues observed post-training (p < 0.05). C blood sodium concentrations were lower than the INW group posttraining\r\n(p = 0.031) with a trend towards significance in the G group (p = 0.069).\r\nConclusion: Ad libitum fluid consumption in cold conditions was insufficient in preventing a decrease in body\r\nmass and blood electrolyte concentration post-training. However, when a fixed volume of 11.5 mL.kg.-1.h-1 was\r\nconsumed during warm condition training, hydration status was maintained by preventing changes in body mass\r\nand urine specific gravit....
Background: Deep oceans have been suggested as a possible site where the origin of life occurred. Along with\r\nthis theoretical lineage, experiments using components from deep ocean water to recreate life is underway. Here,\r\nwe propose that if terrestrial organisms indeed evolved from deep oceans, supply of deep ocean mineral water\r\n(DOM) to humans, as a land creature, may replenish loss of molecular complexity associated with evolutionary\r\nsea-to-land migration.\r\nMethods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover human study to evaluate the\r\neffect of DOM, taken from a depth of 662 meters off the coast of Hualien, Taiwan, on time of recovery from a\r\nfatiguing exercise conducted at 30C.\r\nResults: The fatiguing exercise protocol caused a protracted reduction in aerobic power (reduced VO2max) for 48 h.\r\nHowever, DOM supplementation resulted in complete recovery of aerobic power within 4 h (P < 0.05). Muscle\r\npower was also elevated above placebo levels within 24 h of recovery (P < 0.05). Increased circulating creatine\r\nkinase (CK) and myoglobin, indicatives of exercise-induced muscle damage, were completely eliminated by DOM\r\n(P < 0.05) in parallel with attenuated oxidative damage (P < 0.05).\r\nConclusion: Our results provide compelling evidence that DOM contains soluble elements, which can increase\r\nhuman recovery following an exhaustive physical challenge....
Background: There are two main playing positions in rugby (backs and forwards), which demonstrate different\r\nexercise patterns, roles, and physical characteristics. The purpose of this study was: 1) to collect baseline data on\r\nnutrient intake in order to advise the athletes about nutrition practices that might enhance performance, and 2) to\r\ncompare serum lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins (apo), lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, and iron\r\nstatus of forwards and backs.\r\nMethods: The sporting group was divided into 18 forwards and 16 backs and were compared with 26 sedentary\r\ncontrols. Dietary information was obtained with a food frequency questionnaire.\r\nResults: There were significant differences among the three groups. The forwards had the highest body weight,\r\nbody mass index, percentage of body fat (calculated by sum of four skinfold thicknesses), as well as the highest\r\nlean body mass, followed by the backs and the control group. The mean carbohydrate intake was marginal and\r\nprotein intake was lower than the respective recommended targets in all three groups. The mean intakes of\r\ncalcium, magnesium, and vitamins A, B1, B2, and C were lower than the respective Japanese recommended dietary\r\nallowances or adequate dietary intakes for the rugby players. The forwards had significantly lower high-density\r\nlipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and HDL2-C than the backs and had significantly higher apo B and LCAT activity\r\nthan the controls. The backs showed significantly higher HDL-C, HDL3-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and\r\napo A-I, and LCAT activity than the controls. Four forwards (22%), five backs (31%), and three controls (12%) had\r\nhemolysis. None of the rugby players had anemia or iron depletion.\r\nConclusion: The findings of our study indicate that as the athletes increased their carbohydrate and protein intake,\r\ntheir performance and lean body mass increased. Further, to increase mineral and vitamin intakes, we\r\nrecommended athletes increase their consumption of green and other vegetables, milk and dairy products, and\r\nfruits. The forwards showed more atherogenic lipid profiles than the backs, whereas the backs showed not only\r\nanti-atherogenic lipid profile, but also showed more atherogenic lipid profile relative to the control group.\r\nAdditionally, our study showed none of the rugby players experienced anemia and/or iron depletion....
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